Nano-Scale Mechanical Properties of the Articular Cartilage Zones in a Mouse Model of Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis

Abstract

Destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery in mice is used to elucidate the mechanism of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PT-OA). The study of cartilage biomechanics in PT-OA is important for understanding the pathophysiology of the condition. We used indentation-type atomic force microscopy (IT-AFM) to assess the nanostiffness of the interterritorial matrix of articular cartilage (AC) zones in the medial and the lateral tibia plateau (MTP and LTP) on native tissue sections 2 and 8 weeks after DMM or Sham surgery. At 2 weeks, pronounced stiffening of the DMM AC was observed compared to Sham, with the most marked changes occurring in the superficial zone and affecting the proteoglycan moiety rather than the collagen network. The LTP cartilage was obviously stiffer than the MTP in DMM, but not in Sham. At 8 weeks, only modest differences in nanostiffness were observed between DMM and Sham. The difference in stiffness between MTP and LTP was reduced, and the proteoglycan and collagen phases changed in a more similar manner. Interestingly, the deep zone was softer in the DMM compared to the Sham. Sham AC showed an increase in stiffness between 2 and 8 weeks, a trend that was counteracted in the DMM group. Collectively, our study demonstrates that nano-scale IT-AFM is a sensitive tool to monitor biomechanical changes during the course of PT-OA.