New Insights into the Chemical Compatibility of Nitrochitosan with Potential Energetic Molecules

Abstract

This study provides new insights into the compatibility of a promising energetic polysaccharide, called nitrochitosan (NCS), with energy-rich ammonium perchlorate (AP), ammonium nitrate (AN), and hydrazine 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (HNTO) molecules, in order to survey their application prospects in solid rocket propellants and explosives. For this purpose, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses were carried out to accurately evaluate the chemical compatibility of NCS with the selected energetic molecules following the STANAG 4147 criterion. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as a non-thermal complementary technique, was also performed to further elucidate the eventual structural alterations occurring in the physical mixtures (NCS/AP, NCS/AN, and NCS/HNTO). Based on DSC results, the maximum exothermic peak temperature difference between NCS (Tpeak = 164.7 °C) and the as-prepared NCS/AP (Tpeak = 164.3 °C), NCS/AN (Tpeak = 204.3 °C), and NCS/HNTO (Tpeak = 197.0 °C) admixtures is found to be lower than 4 °C. Moreover, TGA experiments showed that the observed mass losses of the physical mixtures are lower than the sum of the weight losses of their respective individual compounds. Therefore, thermal results demonstrated the excellent chemical compatibility of NCS with the corresponding energetic molecules. In addition, FTIR measurements highlighted the absence of chemical interactions between NCS and the selected AP, AN, and HNTO. Therefore, a deep investigation into the characteristics of such energetic composites and their real-world applications will be among the main focuses of the postulated next stage of research.