Current Knowledge on the Different Characteristics of Back Pain in Adults with and without Scoliosis: A Systematic Review

Author:

Zaina Fabio1ORCID,Marchese Rosemary2ORCID,Donzelli Sabrina1ORCID,Cordani Claudio34ORCID,Pulici Carmelo1,McAviney Jeb2,Negrini Stefano34ORCID

Affiliation:

1. ISICO (Italian Scientific Spine Institute), 20141 Milan, Italy

2. ScoliCare, Sydney 2217, Australia

3. Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University “La Statale”, 20122 Milan, Italy

4. IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20157 Milan, Italy

Abstract

Patients with scoliosis have a high prevalence of back pain (BP). It is possible that scoliosis patients present with specific features when experiencing back or leg pain pathology. The aim of this systematic review is to report the signs, symptoms and associated features of BP in patients with scoliosis compared to adults without scoliosis during adulthood. From inception to 15 May 2023, we searched the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Scopus. We found 10,452 titles, selected 25 papers for full-text evaluation and included 8 in the study. We found that scoliosis presents with asymmetrical pain, most often at the curve’s apex, eventually radiating to one leg. Radiating symptoms are usually localised on the front side of the thigh (cruralgia) in scoliosis, while sciatica is more frequent in non-scoliosis subjects. These radiating symptoms relate to rotational olisthesis. The type and localization of the curve have an impact, with lumbar and thoracolumbar curves being more painful than thoracic. Pain in adults with scoliosis presents specific features: asymmetrical localization and cruralgia. These were the most specific features. It remains unclear whether pain intensity and duration can differentiate scoliosis and non-scoliosis-related pain in adults.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Medicine

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