Predicting Energy Generation in Large Wind Farms: A Data-Driven Study with Open Data and Machine Learning
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Published:2023-10-11
Issue:5
Volume:8
Page:126
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ISSN:2411-5134
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Container-title:Inventions
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Inventions
Author:
Paula Matheus1ORCID, Casaca Wallace2ORCID, Colnago Marilaine3ORCID, da Silva José R.1ORCID, Oliveira Kleber1ORCID, Dias Mauricio A.4ORCID, Negri Rogério5ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rosana 19274-000, Brazil 2. Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, Brazil 3. Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-060, Brazil 4. Faculty of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-080, Brazil 5. Science and Technology Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil
Abstract
Wind energy has become a trend in Brazil, particularly in the northeastern region of the country. Despite its advantages, wind power generation has been hindered by the high volatility of exogenous factors, such as weather, temperature, and air humidity, making long-term forecasting a highly challenging task. Another issue is the need for reliable solutions, especially for large-scale wind farms, as this involves integrating specific optimization tools and restricted-access datasets collected locally at the power plants. Therefore, in this paper, the problem of forecasting the energy generated at the Praia Formosa wind farm, an eco-friendly park located in the state of Ceará, Brazil, which produces around 7% of the state’s electricity, was addressed. To proceed with our data-driven analysis, publicly available data were collected from multiple Brazilian official sources, combining them into a unified database to perform exploratory data analysis and predictive modeling. Specifically, three machine-learning-based approaches were applied: Extreme Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, and Long Short-Term Memory Network, as well as feature-engineering strategies to enhance the precision of the machine intelligence models, including creating artificial features and tuning the hyperparameters. Our findings revealed that all implemented models successfully captured the energy-generation trends, patterns, and seasonality from the complex wind data. However, it was found that the LSTM-based model consistently outperformed the others, achieving a promising global MAPE of 4.55%, highlighting its accuracy in long-term wind energy forecasting. Temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed were identified as the key factors influencing electricity production, with peak generation typically occurring from August to November.
Funder
São Paulo Research Foundation National Council for Scientific and Technological Development São Paulo State University
Subject
General Engineering
Reference64 articles.
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