Affiliation:
1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E08028 Barcelona, Spain
2. Research Institute in Food Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Recinte Torribera, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, Edifici de Recerca (Gaudí), Santa Coloma de Gramenet, E08921 Barcelona, Spain
3. Serra Húnter Fellow, Departament de Recerca i Universitats, Generalitat de Catalunya, Via Laietana 2, E08003 Barcelona, Spain
Abstract
Nowadays, the quality of natural products is an issue of great interest in our society due to the increase in adulteration cases in recent decades. Coffee, one of the most popular beverages worldwide, is a food product that is easily adulterated. To prevent fraudulent practices, it is necessary to develop feasible methodologies to authenticate and guarantee not only the coffee’s origin but also its variety, as well as its roasting degree. In the present study, a C18 reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) technique coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was applied to address the characterization and classification of Arabica and Robusta coffee samples from different production regions using chemometrics. The proposed non-targeted LC-HRMS method using electrospray ionization in negative mode was applied to the analysis of 306 coffee samples belonging to different groups depending on the variety (Arabica and Robusta), the growing region (e.g., Ethiopia, Colombia, Nicaragua, Indonesia, India, Uganda, Brazil, Cambodia and Vietnam), and the roasting degree. Analytes were recovered with hot water as the extracting solvent (coffee brewing). The data obtained were considered the source of potential descriptors to be exploited for the characterization and classification of the samples using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares–discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). In addition, different adulteration cases, involving nearby production regions and different varieties, were evaluated by pairs (e.g., Vietnam Arabica—Vietnam Robusta, Vietnam Arabica—Cambodia and Vietnam Robusta—Cambodia). The coffee adulteration studies carried out with partial least squares (PLS) regression demonstrated the good capability of the proposed methodology to quantify adulterant levels down to 15%, accomplishing calibration and prediction errors below 2.7% and 11.6%, respectively.
Funder
Agencia Estatal de Investigación
Agency for Administration of University and Research Grants
Subject
Chemistry (miscellaneous),Analytical Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Molecular Medicine,Drug Discovery,Pharmaceutical Science
Cited by
1 articles.
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