Screening of Multitarget Compounds against Acetaminophen Hepatic Toxicity Using In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Approaches

Author:

Ali Muhammad1ORCID,Asghar Esha2,Ali Waqas1ORCID,Mustafa Ghulam3ORCID,Ansari Irfan Aamer4ORCID,Zia Saadiya1,Ansari Siddique Akber5ORCID,Khan Sumaiya6

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF), Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan

2. Department of Biotechnology, Akhuwat Faisalabad Institute of Research Science and Technology (A-FIRST), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan

3. Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan

4. Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy

5. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

6. Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, University “La Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy

Abstract

Combination therapy and multitarget drugs have recently attracted much attention as promising tools to fight against many challenging diseases and, thus, represent a new research focus area. The aim of the current project was to screen multitarget compounds and to study their individual and combined effects on acetaminophen-induced liver injury. In this study, 2 of the best hepatoprotective multitargeting compounds were selected from a pool of 40 major compounds present in Curcuma longa and Cinnamomum zeylanicum by using molecular docking, ADMET profiling, and Pfizer’s rule of five. The two selected compounds, quercetin and curcumin, showed a high binding affinity for the CYP2E1 enzyme, MAPK, and TLR4 receptors that contribute to liver injury. The candidates caused the decreased viability of cancer cell lines (HepG2 and Huh7) but showed no effect on a normal cell line (Vero). Examination of biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, ALP, and bilirubin) showed the hepatoprotective effect of the candidate drugs in comparison with the control group, which was confirmed by histological findings. Taken together, quercetin and curcumin not only satisfied the drug-like assessment criterion and proved to be multitargeting by preventing liver damage but also showed anticancer activities.

Funder

King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

general funds of Akhuwat FIRST, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Publisher

MDPI AG

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