Affiliation:
1. Henan International Joint Laboratory of Food Green Processing and Quality Safety Control, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
2. Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 511400, China
Abstract
Intracellular biothiols, including cysteine (Cys), glutathione (GSH), and homocysteine (Hcy), play a critical role in many physiological and pathological processes. Among them, GSH is the most abundant non-protein mercaptan (1–10 mM) in cells, and the change in GSH concentration level is closely related to the occurrence of many diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and neurological diseases. Fluorescent probes have attracted much attention due to their advantages of high specificity, high sensitivity, high selectivity, low cost, and high quantum yield. Methods that use optical probes for selective detection of GSH in vitro and in vivo are in high demand. In this paper, we reviewed the most recent five years of research on fluorescence probes for the detection of GSH, including the specific detection of GSH, dual-channel identification of GSH and other substances, and the detection of GSH and other biothiols. According to the type of fluorophore, we classified GSH fluorescent probes into eight classes, including BODIPY, 1,8-Naphthalimide, coumarin, xanthene, rhodamine, cyanine, benzothiazoles, and others. In addition, we roundly discuss the synthesis, detection mechanism, photophysical properties, and biological applications of fluorescent probes. We hope that this review will inspire the exploration of new fluorescent probes for GSH and other related analyses.
Funder
Major Science and Technology Special Projects in Henan, China
Key R&D Projects in Henan, China
Training Plan for Young Backbone Teachers in Higher Education Institutions of Henan, China
Scientific and Technological Research Project of Henan, China
Postgraduate Education Reform and Quality Improvement Project of Henan, China