Structure–Glass Transition Relationships in Non-Isocyanate Polyhydroxyurethanes

Abstract

The molecular dynamics, with an emphasis on the calorimetric and dynamic glass transitions, of non-isocyanate polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs) produced by the equimolar polyaddition of polyether-based dicyclic carbonates (P-CCs) and various short diamines was studied. The diamine component consisted of a short aliphatic diamine (1,4-diaminobutane, DAB) and a more complex ‘characteristic’ diamine. The study was conducted to investigate (i) the chemical structure of the characteristic amine, (ii) its molar ratio, and (iii) the structure and molar mass of the P-CC. Infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and broadband dielectric spectroscopy were employed. The P-CC, constituting the bulk of the systems, was the most crucial component for the glass transition. The characteristic amine influenced the glass transition as a result of its bulky structure, but also presumably as a result of the introduction of free volume and the formation of hydrogen bonds. The dynamic glass transition (α relaxation) trace in the Arrhenius plots showed a subtle change at a certain temperature that merits further study in the future. The charge mobility was fully coupled with the molecular mobility, as evidenced by dc conductivity being directly proportional to the characteristic frequency of α relaxation. The fluctuation in carbonyl units (β relaxation) was mildly affected by changes in their immediate environment.