Automated Optimized Synthesis of [18F]FLT Using Non-Basic Phase-Transfer Catalyst with Reduced Precursor Amount

Abstract

3′-deoxy-3′-[18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT) is a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer useful for tumor proliferation assessment for a number of cancers, particularly in the cases of brain, lung, and breast tumors. At present [18F], FLT is commonly prepared by means of the nucleophilic radiofluorination of 3-N-Boc-5′-O-DMT-3′-O-nosyl thymidine precursor in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst, followed by an acidic hydrolysis. To achieve high radiochemical yield, relatively large amounts of precursor (20–40 mg) are commonly used, leading to difficulties during purification steps, especially if a solid-phase extraction (SPE) approach is attempted. The present study describes an efficient method for [18F]FLT synthesis, employing tetrabutyl ammonium tosylate as a non-basic phase-transfer catalyst, with a greatly reduced amount of precursor employed. With a reduction of the precursor amount contributing to lower amounts of synthesis by-products in the reaction mixture, an SPE purification procedure using only two commercially available cartridges—OASIS HLB 6cc and Sep-Pak Alumina N Plus Light—has been developed for use on the GE TRACERlab FX N Pro synthesis module. [18F]FLT was obtained in radiochemical yield of 16 ± 2% (decay-corrected) and radiochemical purity >99% with synthesis time not exceeding 55 min. The product was formulated in 16 mL of normal saline with 5% ethanol (v/v). The amounts of chemical impurities and residual solvents were within the limits established by European Pharmacopoeia. The procedure described compares favorably with previously reported methods due to simplified automation, cheaper and more accessible consumables, and a significant reduction in the consumption of an expensive precursor.