Toxicity and Repellency Efficacy of Benzyl Alcohol and Benzyl Benzoate as Eco-Friendly Choices to Control the Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst. 1797)
-
Published:2023-11-23
Issue:23
Volume:28
Page:7731
-
ISSN:1420-3049
-
Container-title:Molecules
-
language:en
-
Short-container-title:Molecules
Author:
Aboelhadid Shawky M.1ORCID, Ibrahium Samar M.2ORCID, Abdel-Tawab Heba3, Hassan Ahmed O.4, Al-Quraishy Saleh5, Saleh Fatma El-zahraa R.6, Abdel-Baki Abdel-Azeem S.3
Affiliation:
1. Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt 2. Parasitology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Fayum Branch, Fayum 16101, Egypt 3. Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt 4. Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA 5. Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia 6. Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
Abstract
Tribolium castaneum is a damaging pest of stored grains, causing significant losses and secreting lethal quinones, which render the grains unfit for human consumption. Chemical insecticides are the most commonly used approach for control; however, they create insecticide resistance and affect the health of humans, animals, and the environment. As a result, it is critical to find an environmentally friendly pest-management strategy. In this study, two naturally occurring chemicals, benzyl alcohol (BA) and benzoyl benzoate (BB), were investigated for insecticidal activity against T. castaneum using different assays (impregnated-paper, contact toxicity, fumigant, and repellency assays). The results showed that BA had a significant insecticidal effect, with the LC50 achieved at a lower concentration in the direct-contact toxicity test (1.77%) than in the impregnated-paper assay (2.63%). BB showed significant effects in the direct-contact toxicity test, with an LC50 of 3.114%, and a lower toxicity in the impregnated-paper assay, with an LC50 of 11.75%. Furthermore, BA exhibited significant fumigant toxicity against T. castaneum, with an LC50 of 6.72 µL/L, whereas BB exhibited modest fumigant toxicity, with an LC50 of 464 µL/L. Additionally, at different concentrations (0.18, 0.09, 0.045, and 0.0225 µL/cm2), BA and BB both showed a notable and potent repelling effect. BA and BB significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase, reduced glutathione (GSH), and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) in treated T. castaneum. This is the first report of BA insecticidal activity against the red flour beetle. Also, the outcomes of various assays demonstrated that the application of BA induces a potent bio-insecticidal effect. BA may be a promising eco-friendly alternative to control T. castaneum due to its safety and authorization by the EFSA (European Food Safety Authority).
Funder
King Saud University
Subject
Chemistry (miscellaneous),Analytical Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Molecular Medicine,Drug Discovery,Pharmaceutical Science
Reference67 articles.
1. Huang, D.W., Klejdysz, T.Z., Subramanyam, B., and Nawrot, J. (2017). Atlas of Stored-Product Insects and Mites, Elsevier. 2. Susceptibility of some staple processed meals to red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae);Ajayi;Pak. J. Biol. Sci.,2006 3. Carcinogenic effect of biscuits made of flour infested with Tribolium castaneum in Buforegularis;Sakr;Oncology,1989 4. Feeding preference and development of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) in wheat products;Shafique;Pak. J. Zool.,2006 5. An integrative view of sexual selection in Tribolium flour beetles;Fedina;Biol. Rev.,2008
|
|