Affiliation:
1. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, No. 1 East One Ring Road, Hanzhong 723001, China
2. College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
Abstract
1,3-bis(cyclohexylmethyl)cyclopentane, a renewable high-density fuel, was first produced in a high overall carbon yield (79.5%) with vanillin and cyclopentanone, which can be derived from biomass. The synthetic route used in this work contains two steps. In the first step, 2,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)cyclopentanone was synthesized by aldol condensation of vanillin and cyclopentanone under the catalysis of sulphuric acid. Over the optimized condensation, a high carbon yield (82.6%) of 2,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene) cyclopentanone was achieved at 80 ºC. In the second step, 2,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene) cyclopentanone was hydrodeoxygenated over the Pd/HY catalyst in cyclohexane as solvent. High carbon yields of 1,3-bis(cyclohexylmethyl)cyclopentane (96.2%) was obtained. The polycycloalkane mixture as obtained has a density of 0.943 g mL−1 and a freezing point of −35 °C. It can be blended into conventional high-density fuels (e.g., JP-10) for rockets and missile propulsion as a potential application.
Funder
the Open Project of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis
Key Scientic Research Plan of Shaanxi Provincial Education Department in 2020
Shaanxi Natural Science Basic Research Program
Subject
Chemistry (miscellaneous),Analytical Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Molecular Medicine,Drug Discovery,Pharmaceutical Science