Menin–MLL1 Interaction Small Molecule Inhibitors: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Leukemia and Cancers

Abstract

Encoded by the MEN1 gene, menin protein is a fusion protein that is essential for the oncogenic transformation of mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) and leads to acute leukemia (AL). Therefore, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that inhibition of the high-affinity relationship between menin and mixed-lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1 and KMT2A) is an effective treatment for MLL-rearranged (MLL-r) leukemia in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, recent studies found that menin–MLL1 interaction inhibitors exhibited a firm tumor suppressive ability in specific cancer cells, such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, and lung cancer. Overall, it seems to serve as a novel therapeutic means for cancers. Herein, we review the recent progress in exploring the inhibitors of small molecule menin–MLL1 interactions. The molecular mechanisms of these inhibitors’ functions and their application prospects in the treatment of AL and cancers are explored.