Chemical Composition of Piper nigrum L. Cultivar Guajarina Essential Oils and Their Biological Activity

Author:

Feitosa Bruna de Souza1,Ferreira Oberdan Oliveira2ORCID,Franco Celeste de Jesus Pereira1ORCID,Karakoti Himani3ORCID,Kumar Ravendra3ORCID,Cascaes Marcia Moraes4ORCID,Jawarkar Rahul D.5ORCID,Mali Suraj N.6ORCID,Cruz Jorddy Neves2ORCID,de Menezes Ilmarina Campos7,de Oliveira Mozaniel Santana89ORCID,de Aguiar Andrade Eloisa Helena1289ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Chemistry, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil

2. Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology—Rede Bionorte, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil

3. Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand 263145, India

4. Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil

5. Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Dr. Rajendra Gode Institute of Pharmacy, University Mardi Road, Amravati 444603, India

6. School of Pharmacy, D.Y. Patil University (Deemed to be University), Sector 7, Nerul, Navi Mumbai 400706, India

7. Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Tv. Dr. Enéas Pinheiro, s/n-Marco, Belém 66095-903, PA, Brazil

8. Adolpho Ducke Laboratory—Coordination of Botany, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, Belém 66077-830, PA, Brazil

9. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas—Botânica Tropical, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, Belém 66077-830, PA, Brazil

Abstract

The essential oils and aroma derived from the leaves (L), stems (St), and spikes (s) of Piper nigrum L. cv. Guajarina were extracted; the essential oils were extracted using hydrodistillation (HD), and steam distillation (SD), and the aroma was obtained by simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE). Chemical constituents were identified and quantified using GC/MS and GC-FID. Preliminary biological activity was assessed by determining the toxicity against Artemia salina Leach larvae, calculating mortality rates, and determining lethal concentration values (LC50). The predominant compounds in essential oil samples included α-pinene (0–5.6%), β-pinene (0–22.7%), limonene (0–19.3%), 35 linalool (0–5.3%), δ-elemene (0–10.1%), β-caryophyllene (0.5–21.9%), γ-elemene (7.5–33.9%), and curzerene (6.9–31.7%). Multivariate analysis, employing principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), revealed three groups among the identified classes and two groups among individual compounds. The highest antioxidant activity was found for essential oils derived from the leaves (167.9 41 mg TE mL−1). Larvicidal potential against A. salina was observed in essential oils obtained from the leaves (LC50 6.40 μg mL−1) and spikes (LC50 6.44 μg mL−1). The in silico studies demonstrated that the main compounds can interact with acetylcholinesterase, thus showing the potential molecular interaction responsible for the toxicity of the essential oil in A. salina.

Funder

UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARÁ, PROPRESP

Publisher

MDPI AG

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