Degradation of 5-Dialkylamino-Substituted Chlorsulfuron Derivatives in Alkaline Soil

Abstract

Sulfonylurea herbicides are widely used as acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors due to their super-efficient activity. However, some sulfonylurea herbicides show toxicity under crop rotation due to their long degradation time, for example, chlorsulfuron. Our research goal is to obtain chlorsulfuron-derived herbicides with controllable degradation time, good crop safety and high herbicidal activities. Based on our previously reported results in acidic soil, we studied the degradation behaviors of 5-dialkylamino-substituted chlorsulfuron derivatives (NL101–NL108) in alkaline soil (pH 8.39). The experimental data indicate that addition of the 5-dialkylamino groups on the benzene ring of chlorsulfuron greatly accelerated degradation in alkaline soil. These chlorsulfuron derivatives degrade 10.8 to 51.8 times faster than chlorsulfuron and exhibit excellent crop safety on wheat and corn (through pre-emergence treatment). With a comprehensive consideration of structures, bioassay activities, soil degradation and crop safety, it could be concluded that 5-dialkylamino-substituted chlorsulfuron derivatives are potential green sulfonylurea herbicides for pre-emergence treatment on both wheat and corn. The study also provides valuable information for the discovery of new sulfonylurea herbicides for crop rotation.