Lignosulfonate-Based Ionic Liquids as Asphaltene Dispersants

Author:

Mahtar Ariff1ORCID,Sulaimon Aliyu Adebayo2ORCID,Wilfred Cecilia Devi3

Affiliation:

1. Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia

2. Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia

3. Fundamental and Applied Sciences Department, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia

Abstract

Asphaltenes are recognized as being troublesome from upstream to downstream in the oil industry due to their tendency to precipitate and self-associate. Their extraction from asphaltenic crude oil for a cost-effective refining process is a crucial and critical challenge in the oil and gas sector. Lignosulfonate (LS), as a by-product of the wood pulping process in the papermaking industry, is a highly available and underutilized feedstock. This study aimed to synthesize novel LS-based ionic liquids (ILs) by reacting lignosulfonate acid sodium salt [Na]2[LS] with different alkyl chains of piperidinium chloride for asphaltene dispersion. The synthesized ILs, 1-hexyl-1-methyl-piperidinium lignosulfonate [C6C1Pip]2[LS], 1-octyl-1-methyl-piperidinium lignosulfonate [C8C1Pip]2[LS], 1-dodecyl-1-methyl-piperidinium lignosulfonate [C12C1Pip]2[LS] and 1-hexadecyl-1-methyl-piperidinium lignosulfonate [C16C1Pip]2[LS] were characterized using FTIR-ATR and 1H NMR for functional groups and structural confirmation. The ILs depicted high thermal stability because of the presence of a long side alkyl chain and piperidinium cation following thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Asphaltene dispersion indices (%) of ILs were tested by varying contact time, temperature and ILs concentration. The obtained indices were high for all ILs, with a dispersion index of more than 91.2% [C16C1Pip]2[LS], representing the highest dispersion at 50,000 ppm. It was able to lower asphaltene particle size diameter from 51 nm to 11 nm. The kinetic data of [C16C1Pip]2[LS] were consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The dispersion index (%), asphaltene particle growth and the kinetic model agreed with the molecular modeling studies of the HOMO–LUMO energy of IL holds.

Funder

Ministry of Higher Education

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Chemistry (miscellaneous),Analytical Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Molecular Medicine,Drug Discovery,Pharmaceutical Science

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