Preclinical Pharmacokinetics and Acute Toxicity in Rats of 5-{[(2E)-3-Bromo-3-carboxyprop-2-enoyl]amino}-2-hydroxybenzoic Acid: A Novel 5-Aminosalicylic Acid Derivative with Potent Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Abstract

Compound 5-{[(2E)-3-bromo-3-carboxyprop-2-enoyl]amino}-2-hydroxybenzoic acid (C1), a new 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) derivative, has proven to be an antioxidant in vitro and an anti-inflammatory agent in mice. The in vivo inhibition of myeloperoxidase was comparable to that of indomethacin. The aim of this study was to take another step in the preclinical evaluation of C1 by examining acute toxicity with the up-and-down OECD method and pharmacokinetic profiles by administration of the compound to Wistar rats through intravenous (i.v.), oral (p.o.), and intraperitoneal (i.p.) routes. According to the Globally Harmonized System, C1 belongs to categories 4 and 5 for the i.p. and p.o. routes, respectively. An RP-HPLC method for C1 quantification in plasma was successfully validated. Regarding the pharmacokinetic profile, the elimination half-life was approximately 0.9 h with a clearance of 24 mL/min after i.v. administration of C1 (50 mg/kg). After p.o. administration (50 mg/kg), the maximum plasma concentration was reached at 33 min, the oral bioavailability was about 77%, and the compound was amply distributed to all tissues evaluated. Therefore, C1 administered p.o. in rats is suitable for reaching the colon where it can exert its effect, suggesting an important advantage over 5-ASA and indomethacin in treating ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.