Luteolin Isolated from Juncus acutus L., a Potential Remedy for Human Coronavirus 229E

Author:

Hakem Asma12ORCID,Desmarets Lowiese3ORCID,Sahli Ramla12,Malek Rawen Ben1,Camuzet Charline3,François Nathan3,Lefèvre Gabriel1,Samaillie Jennifer1,Moureu Sophie1ORCID,Sahpaz Sevser1,Belouzard Sandrine3,Ksouri Riadh2,Séron Karin3ORCID,Rivière Céline1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Joint Research Unit 1158, BioEcoAgro, Univ. Lille, INRAE, Univ. Liège, UPJV, JUNIA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, ICV—Institut Charles Viollette, 59650 Villeneuve–d’Ascq, France

2. Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Centre of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia

3. Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017, 59000 Lille, France

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, addressed the lack of specific antiviral drugs against coronaviruses. In this study, bioguided fractionation performed on both ethyl acetate and aqueous sub-extracts of Juncus acutus stems led to identifying luteolin as a highly active antiviral molecule against human coronavirus HCoV-229E. The apolar sub-extract (CH2Cl2) containing phenanthrene derivatives did not show antiviral activity against this coronavirus. Infection tests on Huh-7 cells, expressing or not the cellular protease TMPRSS2, using luciferase reporter virus HCoV-229E-Luc showed that luteolin exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of infection. Respective IC50 values of 1.77 µM and 1.95 µM were determined. Under its glycosylated form (luteolin-7-O-glucoside), luteolin was inactive against HCoV-229E. Time of addition assay showed that utmost anti-HCoV-229E activity of luteolin was achieved when added at the post-inoculation step, indicating that luteolin acts as an inhibitor of the replication step of HCoV-229E. Unfortunately, no obvious antiviral activity for luteolin was found against SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV in this study. In conclusion, luteolin isolated from Juncus acutus is a new inhibitor of alphacoronavirus HCoV-229E.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Chemistry (miscellaneous),Analytical Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Molecular Medicine,Drug Discovery,Pharmaceutical Science

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