Theoretical Study of the Structures of 4-(2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoropyridyl)Diphenylphosphine Oxide and Tris(Pentafluorophenyl)Phosphine Oxide: Why Does the Crystal Structure of (Tetrafluoropyridyl)Diphenylphosphine Oxide Have Two Different P=O Bond Lengths?

Abstract

The crystal structure of 4-(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoropyridyl)diphenylphosphine oxide (1) contains two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. Although the molecules are virtually identical in all other aspects, the P=O bond distances differ by ca. 0.02 Å. In contrast, although tris(pentafluorophenyl)phosphine oxide (2) has a similar crystal structure, the P=O bond distances of the two independent molecules are identical. To investigate the reason for the difference, a density functional theory study was undertaken. Both structures comprise chains of molecules. The attraction between molecules of 1, which comprises lone pair–π, weak hydrogen bonding and C–H∙∙∙arene interactions, has energies of 70 and 71 kJ mol−1. The attraction between molecules of 2 comprises two lone pair–π interactions, and has energies of 99 and 100 kJ mol−1. There is weak hydrogen bonding between molecules of adjacent chains involving the oxygen atom of 1. For one molecule, this interaction is with a symmetry independent molecule, whereas for the other, it also occurs with a symmetry related molecule. This provides a reason for the difference in P=O distance. This interaction is not possible for 2, and so there is no difference between the P=O distances of 2.