Enhancing Bioactivity and Conjugation in Green Coffee Bean (Coffea arabica) Extract through Cold Plasma Treatment: Insights into Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic–Protein Conjugates
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Published:2023-10-13
Issue:20
Volume:28
Page:7066
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ISSN:1420-3049
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Container-title:Molecules
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Molecules
Author:
Kungsuwan Kuntapas1ORCID, Sawangrat Choncharoen23ORCID, Ounjaijean Sakaewan4ORCID, Chaipoot Supakit56ORCID, Phongphisutthinant Rewat56ORCID, Wiriyacharee Pairote156ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Division of Product Development Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand 2. Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand 3. Agriculture and Bio Plasma Technology Center (ABPlas), Thai Korean Research Collaboration Center (TKRCC), Science and Technology Park, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand 4. School of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand 5. Multidisciplinary Research Institute (MDRI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand 6. Center of Excellent in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Abstract
Cold plasma technology is gaining attention as a promising approach to enhancing the bioactivity of plant extracts. However, its impact on green coffee bean extracts (GCBEs) still needs to be explored. In this study, an innovative underwater plasma jet system was employed to investigate the effects of cold plasma on Coffea arabica GCBEs, focusing on the conjugation reflected by the change in composition and bioactivity. The DPPH radical scavenging antioxidant activity exhibited a gradual increase with plasma treatment up to 35 min, followed by a decline. Remarkably, at 35 min, the plasma treatment resulted in a significant 66% increase in the DPPH radical scavenging activity of the GCBE. The total phenolic compound content also displayed a similar increasing trend to the DPPH radical scavenging activity. However, the phenolic profile analysis indicated a significant decrease in chlorogenic acids and caffeine. Furthermore, the chemical composition analysis revealed a decrease in free amino acids, while sucrose remained unchanged. Additionally, the SDS-PAGE results suggested a slight increase in protein size. The observed enhancement in antioxidant activity, despite the reduction in the two major antioxidants in the GCBE, along with the increase in protein size, might suggest the occurrence of conjugation processes induced by plasma, particularly involving proteins and phenolic compounds. Notably, the plasma treatment exhibited no adverse effects on the extract’s safety, as confirmed by the MTT assay. These findings indicate that cold plasma treatment holds significant promise in improving the functional properties of GCBE while ensuring its safety. Incorporating cold plasma technology into the processing of natural extracts may offer exciting opportunities for developing novel and potent antioxidant-rich products.
Funder
National Research Council of Thailand Chiang Mai University, Thailand
Subject
Chemistry (miscellaneous),Analytical Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Molecular Medicine,Drug Discovery,Pharmaceutical Science
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