Incorporation of a Boron–Nitrogen Covalent Bond Improves the Charge-Transport and Charge-Transfer Characteristics of Organoboron Small-Molecule Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells

Abstract

An organoboron small-molecular acceptor (OSMA) MB←N containing a boron–nitrogen coordination bond (B←N) exhibits good light absorption in organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, based on MB←N, OSMA MB-N, with the incorporation of a boron–nitrogen covalent bond (B-N), was designed. We have systematically investigated the charge-transport properties and interfacial charge-transfer characteristics of MB-N, along with MB←N, using the density functional theory (DFT) and the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). Theoretical calculations show that MB-N can simultaneously boost the open-circuit voltage (from 0.78 V to 0.85 V) and the short-circuit current due to its high-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and the reduced energy gap. Moreover, its large dipole shortens stacking and greatly enhances electron mobility by up to 5.91 × 10−3 cm2·V−1·s−1. Notably, the excellent interfacial properties of PTB7-Th/MB-N, owing to more charge transfer states generated through the direct excitation process and the intermolecular electric field mechanism, are expected to improve OSCs performance. Together with the excellent properties of MB-N, we demonstrate a new OSMA and develop a new organoboron building block with B-N units. The computations also shed light on the structure–property relationships and provide in-depth theoretical guidance for the application of organoboron photovoltaic materials.