Ameliorated Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of Heat-Resistant Radome Cyanate Composites

Abstract

In order to improve the mechanical and dielectric properties of radome cyanate, a synergistic reinforcement method is employed to develop a resin-based ternary-composite with high heat-resistance and preferable radar-band transmission, which is expected to be applied to fabricate radomes capable of resisting high temperature and strong electric field. According to copolymerization characteristics and self-curing mechanism, epoxy resin (EP) and bismaleimide (BMI) are employed as reinforcements mixed into a cyanate ester (CE) matrix to prepare CE/BMI/EP composites of a heat-resistant radome material by high-temperature viscous-flow blending methods under the catalysis of aluminum acetylpyruvate. The crystallization temperature, transition heat, and reaction rate of cured polymers were tested to analyze heat-resistance characteristics and evaluate material synthesis processes. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the micro-morphology of tensile fracture, which was combined with the tensile strength test and dynamic thermomechanical analysis to investigate the composite modifications on tenacity and rigidity. Weibull statistics were performed to analyze the experimental results of the dielectric breakdown field, and the dielectric-polarization and wave-transmission performances were investigated according to alternative current dielectric spectra. Compared with the pure CE and the CE composites individually reinforced by EP or BMI, the CE/BMI/EP composite acquires the most significant amelioration in both the mechanical and electrical insulation performances as indicated by the breaking elongation and dielectric breakdown strength being simultaneously improved by 40%, which are consistently manifested by the obviously increased transverse lines uniformly distributed on the fracture cross-section. Furthermore, the glass-transition temperature of CE/BMI/EP composite reaches the highest values of nearly 300 °C, with the relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss being mostly reduced to less than 3.2 and 0.01, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that the CE/BMI/EP composite is a highly-qualified wave-transmission material with preferences in mechanical, thermostability, and electrical insulation performances, suggesting its prospective applications in low-frequency transmittance radomes.