Encapsulated Rose Bengal Enhances the Photodynamic Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells

Author:

Uddin Mir Muhammad Nasir12ORCID,Bekmukhametova Alina1ORCID,Antony Anu1ORCID,Barman Shital K.1ORCID,Houang Jessica1ORCID,Wu Ming J.1ORCID,Hook James M.3ORCID,George Laurel4ORCID,Wuhrer Richard4,Mawad Damia5ORCID,Ta Daniel1,Ruprai Herleen1,Lauto Antonio16ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia

2. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh

3. School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia

4. Advanced Materials Characterisation Facility, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia

5. School of Materials Science and Engineering and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia

6. Biomedical Engineering & Neuroscience Research Group, The MARCS Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia

Abstract

Among breast cancer subtypes, triple-negative breast cancer stands out as the most aggressive, with patients facing a 40% mortality rate within the initial five years. The limited treatment options and unfavourable prognosis for triple-negative patients necessitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative treatment that can effectively target triple-negative neoplastic cells such as MDA-MB-231. In this in vitro study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the PDT killing rate of unbound Rose Bengal (RB) in solution versus RB-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles to determine the most effective approach for inducing cytotoxicity at low laser powers (90 mW, 50 mW, 25 mW and 10 mW) and RB concentrations (50 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL and 5 µg/mL). Intracellular singlet oxygen production and cell uptake were also determined for both treatment modalities. Dark toxicity was also assessed for normal breast cells. Despite the low laser power and concentration of nanoparticles (10 mW and 5 µg/mL), MDA-MB-231 cells experienced a substantial reduction in viability (8 ± 1%) compared to those treated with RB solution (38 ± 10%). RB nanoparticles demonstrated higher singlet oxygen production and greater uptake by cancer cells than RB solutions. Moreover, RB nanoparticles display strong cytocompatibility with normal breast cells (MCF-10A). The low activation threshold may be a crucial advantage for specifically targeting malignant cells in deep tissues.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Chemistry (miscellaneous),Analytical Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Molecular Medicine,Drug Discovery,Pharmaceutical Science

Reference51 articles.

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