Label-Free Electrochemical Sensor Based on Manganese Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Myoglobin Detection: Biomarker for Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

A label free electrochemical sensor based on pure titanium oxide and manganese (Mn)-doped titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are fabricated and characterized for the sensitive detection of myoglobin (Mb) levels to analyze the cardiovascular infarction. Pristine and Mn-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized via the sol-gel method and characterized in order to understand their structure, morphologies, composition and optical properties. The structural properties revealed that the pure- and doped-TiO2 nanoparticles possess different TiO2 planes. FTIR studies confirm the formation of metal oxide nanoparticles by exhibiting a well-defined peak in the range of 600–650 cm−1. The values of the optical band gap, estimated from UV-Vis spectroscopy, are decreased for the Mn-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. UV-Vis spectra in the presence of myoglobin (Mb) indicated interaction between the TiO2 nanoparticles and myoglobin. The SPE electrodes were then fabricated by printing powder film over the working electrode and tested for label-free electrochemical detection of myoglobin (Mb) in the concentration range of 0–15 nM Mb. The fabricated electrochemical sensor exhibited a high sensitivity of 100.40 μA-cm−2/nM with a lowest detection limit of 0.013 nM (0.22 ng/mL) and a response time of ≤10 ms for sample S3. An interference study with cyt-c and Human Serum Albumin (HSA) of the sensors show the selective response towards Mb in 1:1 mixture.