Changes of Active Substances in Ganoderma lucidum during Different Growth Periods and Analysis of Their Molecular Mechanism

Author:

Gao Xusheng1,Huo Huimin1,Bao Haiying1,Wang Jialu2,Gao Dan2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China

2. Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China

Abstract

Ganoderma lucidum, renowned as an essential edible and medicinal mushroom in China, remains shrouded in limited understanding concerning the intrinsic mechanisms governing the accumulation of active components and potential protein expression across its diverse developmental stages. Accordingly, this study employed a meticulous integration of metabolomics and proteomics techniques to scrutinize the dynamic alterations in metabolite accumulation and protein expression in G. lucidum throughout its growth phases. The metabolomics analysis unveiled elevated levels of triterpenoids, steroids, and polyphenolic compounds during the budding stage (BS) of mushroom growth, with prominent compounds including Diplazium and Ganoderenic acids E, H, and I, alongside key steroids such as cholesterol and 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3beta-ol. Additionally, nutrients such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, and purines exhibited heightened presence during the maturation stage (FS) of ascospores. Proteomic scrutiny demonstrated the modulation of triterpenoid synthesis by the CYP450, HMGR, HMGS, and ERG protein families, all exhibiting a decline as G. lucidum progressed, except for the ARE family, which displayed an upward trajectory. Therefore, BS is recommended as the best harvesting period for G. lucidum. This investigation contributes novel insights into the holistic exploitation of G. lucidum.

Funder

Ministry of Education Yangtze River Scholars and Innovation Team

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central public welfare research institutes

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes

Bijie Technology Innovation Platform and Talent Team

Publisher

MDPI AG

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