Effect of Interaction between Chromium(VI) with 17β-Estradiol and Its Metabolites on Breast Cancer Cell Lines MCF-7/WT and MDA-MB-175-VII: Preliminary Study

Author:

Sawicka Ewa1,Kulbacka Julita23ORCID,Drąg-Zalesińska Małgorzata4,Woźniak Arkadiusz5,Piwowar Agnieszka1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland

2. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland

3. Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių 5, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania

4. Division of Histology and Embrylogy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chałubińskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland

5. Students’ Scientific Society at the Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland

Abstract

The number of factors initiating and stimulating the progression of breast cancer are constantly increasing. Estrogens are a risk factor for breast adenocarcinoma, the toxicity of which increases as a result of metabolism and interaction with other factors. Due to the presence of environmental exposure to estrogens and metalloestrogens, we investigated how interactions between estrogens and toxic chromium(VI)[Cr(VI)] affect breast cancer lines and investigated whether estrogens play a protective role. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of 17β-estradiol and its metabolites: 2-methoxyestradiol (2-MeOE2), 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE2), and 16α-hydroxyestrone (16α-OHE1) in exposure to Cr(VI) on cell viability and DNA cell damage. Two estrogen-dependent breast cancer cell lines, MCF 7/WT and MDA-MB-175-VII, were examined. In addition, the expression of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) was determined immunocytochemically to elucidate the mechanism of oxidative stress. The effects of single substances and their mixtures were tested in the model of simultaneous and 7-day estrogen pre-incubation. As a result, the viability of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-175-VII cells is lowered most by Cr(VI) and least by 17β-E2. In the combined action of estrogens and metalloestrogens, we observed a protective effect mainly of 17β-E2 against Cr(VI)-induced cytotoxicity. The highest expression of SOD1 was found in MCF-7/WT cells exposed to 17β-E2. Moreover, high apoptosis was caused by both Cr(VI) itself and its interaction with 4-OHE2 and 2-MeOE2. The direction and dynamics of changes in viability are consistent for both lines.

Funder

Statutory Activity of Wroclaw Medical University

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Chemistry (miscellaneous),Analytical Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Molecular Medicine,Drug Discovery,Pharmaceutical Science

Reference60 articles.

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