Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Natural Populations of Artemisia scoparia Collected at Different Altitudes: Antibacterial, Mosquito Repellent, and Larvicidal Effects

Author:

Parveen Amna1ORCID,Abbas Muhammad Ghazanfar2ORCID,Keefover-Ring Ken34ORCID,Binyameen Muhammad2ORCID,Mozūraitis Raimondas56ORCID,Azeem Muhammad1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan

2. Laboratory of Insect Chemical Ecology, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan

3. Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA

4. Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA

5. Laboratory of Chemical and Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania

6. Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Svente Arrhenius vag 18B, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden

Abstract

The current study aimed to evaluate the presence of chemical variations in essential oils (EOs) extracted from Artemisia scoparia growing at different altitudes and to reveal their antibacterial, mosquito larvicidal, and repellent activity. The gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis of A. scoparia EOs revealed that the major compounds were capillene (9.6–31.8%), methyleugenol (0.2–26.6%), β-myrcene (1.9–21.4%), γ-terpinene (1.5–19.4%), trans-β-caryophyllene (0.8–12.4%), and eugenol (0.1–9.1%). The EO of A. scoparia collected from the city of Attock at low elevation was the most active against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria (minimum inhibitory concentration of 156–1250 µg/mL) and showed the best mosquito larvicidal activity (LC50, 55.3 mg/L). The EOs of A. scoparia collected from the high-altitude areas of Abbottabad and Swat were the most repellent for females of Ae. aegypti and exhibited repellency for 120 min and 165 min, respectively. The results of the study reveal that different climatic conditions and altitudes have significant effects on the chemical compositions and the biological activity of essential oils extracted from the same species.

Funder

International Foundation for Science (IFS), Sweden

Nature Research Centre

Publisher

MDPI AG

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