Porphyrin–Schiff Base Conjugates Bearing Basic Amino Groups as Antimicrobial Phototherapeutic Agents

Abstract

New porphyrin–Schiff base conjugates bearing one (6) and two (7) basic amino groups were synthesized by condensation between tetrapyrrolic macrocycle-containing amine functions and 4-(3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy)benzaldehyde. This approach allowed us to easily obtain porphyrins substituted by positive charge precursor groups in aqueous media. These compounds showed the typical Soret and four Q absorption bands with red fluorescence emission (ΦF ~ 0.12) in N,N-dimethylformamide. Porphyrins 6 and 7 photosensitized the generation of O2(1Δg) (ΦΔ ~ 0.44) and the photo-oxidation of L-tryptophan. The decomposition of this amino acid was mainly mediated by a type II photoprocess. Moreover, the addition of KI strongly quenched the photodynamic action through a reaction with O2(1Δg) to produce iodine. The photodynamic inactivation capacity induced by porphyrins 6 and 7 was evaluated in Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Furthermore, the photoinactivation of these microorganisms was improved using potentiation with iodide anions. These porphyrins containing basic aliphatic amino groups can be protonated in biological systems, which provides an amphiphilic character to the tetrapyrrolic macrocycle. This effect allows one to increase the interaction with the cell wall, thus improving photocytotoxic activity against microorganisms.