Edible Halophytes with Functional Properties: In Vitro Protein Digestibility and Bioaccessibility and Intestinal Absorption of Minerals and Trace Elements from Australian Indigenous Halophytes

Author:

Srivarathan Sukirtha12ORCID,Addepalli Rama3ORCID,Adiamo Oladipupo Qudus1,Kodagoda Gethmini Kavindya1ORCID,Phan Anh Dao Thi1ORCID,Wright Olivia Renee Louise14ORCID,Sultanbawa Yasmina1ORCID,Osborne Simone3,Netzel Michael Erich1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia

2. Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Jaffna, Ariviyal Nagar, Kilinochchi 44000, Sri Lanka

3. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia

4. School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia

Abstract

Halophytes are considered emerging functional foods as they are high in protein, minerals, and trace elements, although studies investigating halophyte digestibility, bioaccessibility, and intestinal absorption are limited. Therefore, this study investigated the in vitro protein digestibility, bioaccessibility and intestinal absorption of minerals and trace elements in saltbush and samphire, two important Australian indigenous halophytes. The total amino acid contents of samphire and saltbush were 42.5 and 87.3 mg/g DW, and even though saltbush had a higher total protein content overall, the in vitro digestibility of samphire protein was higher than the saltbush protein. The in vitro bioaccessibility of Mg, Fe, and Zn was higher in freeze-dried halophyte powder compared to the halophyte test food, suggesting that the food matrix has a significant impact on mineral and trace element bioaccessibility. However, the samphire test food digesta had the highest intestinal Fe absorption rate, whereas the saltbush digesta exhibited the lowest (37.7 vs. 8.9 ng/mL ferritin). The present study provides crucial data about the digestive “fate” of halophyte protein, minerals, and trace elements and increases the understanding of these underutilized indigenous edible plants as future functional foods.

Funder

The University of Queensland, Australia

Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods

Accelerating Higher Education Expansion and Development Program (AHEAD), Sri Lanka

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Chemistry (miscellaneous),Analytical Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Molecular Medicine,Drug Discovery,Pharmaceutical Science

Reference75 articles.

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