Energy Transition in Urban Water Infrastructures towards Sustainable Cities

Author:

Ramos Helena M.1ORCID,Pérez-Sánchez Modesto2ORCID,Guruprasad Prajwal S. M.3,Carravetta Armando4ORCID,Kuriqi Alban1ORCID,Coronado-Hernández Oscar E.5ORCID,Fernandes João F. P.6ORCID,Branco Paulo J. Costa6ORCID,López-Jiménez Petra Amparo2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Civil Engineering Research and Innovatsion for Sustainability (CERIS), Instituto Superior Técnico, Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal

2. Hydraulic Engineering and Environmental Department, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain

3. Energy Technologies Dual Degree Program, Instituto Superior Tecnico and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, CERIS at IST, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal

4. Department of Civil, Structure and Environmental Engineering, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio, 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy

5. Instituto de Hidráulica y Saneamiento Ambiental, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena 130001, Colombia

6. IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal

Abstract

The world’s water infrastructures suffer from inefficiencies, such as high energy consumption and water losses due to inadequate management practices and feeble pressure regulation, leading to frequent water and energy losses. This strains vital water and energy resources, especially in the face of the worsening challenges of climate change and population growth. A novel method is presented that integrates micro-hydropower plants, with pumps as turbines (PATs), in the water network in the city of Funchal. Sensitivity analyses evaluated the microgrid’s response to variations in the cost of energy components, showing favorable outcomes with positive net present value (NPV). PV solar and micro-wind turbines installed exclusively at the selected PRV sites within the Funchal hydro grid generate a combined 153 and 55 MWh/year, respectively, supplementing the 406 MWh/year generated by PATs. It should be noted that PATs consistently have the lowest cost of electricity (LCOE), confirming their economic viability and efficiency across different scenarios, even after accounting for reductions in alternative energy sources and grid infrastructure costs.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Water Science and Technology,Aquatic Science,Geography, Planning and Development,Biochemistry

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