Applicability of a Material Constitutive Model Based on a Transversely Isotropic Behaviour for the Prediction of the Mechanical Performance of Multi Jet Fusion Printed Polyamide 12 Parts

Abstract

Multi Jet Fusion (MJF), an innovative additive manufacturing (AM) technique in the field of Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) developed by Hewlett-Packard (HP) Inc. (Palo Alto, CA, USA), has been designed to produce polymer parts using thermoplastic-based powders, primarily focusing on polyamide 12 (PA12). Employing a layer-by-layer approach, MJF enables the rapid production of intricate components, reportedly up to 10 times faster than other AM processes. While the mechanical properties of MJF-printed PA12 and the impact of build orientation on those properties have already been explored in various studies, less attention has been given to the mechanical performance of MJF-printed PA12 components under complex loads and accurate predictive models. This contribution aims to assess the applicability of a constitutive model based on a transversely isotropic behaviour under linear elastic deformation for predicting the mechanical response of MJF-printed PA12 parts through numerical simulations. Both uniaxial tensile and shear tests were carried out on printed samples to determine the elastic properties of MJF-printed PA12, with additional testing on printed complex handle-shaped parts. Finally, a numerical model was developed to simulate the mechanical tests of the handles. Results from tests on printed samples showed that MJF-printed PA12, to some extent, behaves as a transversely isotropic material. Furthermore, using a constitutive model that assumes a transversely isotropic behaviour under linear elastic deformation for predicting the mechanical response of MJF-printed PA12 parts in numerical simulations could be a reasonable approach, provided that the material stress levels remain within the linear range. However, the particularities of the stress-strain curve of MJF-printed PA12 complicate determining the elasticity-to-plasticity transition point.