Fabrication of Fish Scale-Based Gelatin Methacryloyl for 3D Bioprinting Application

Author:

Pasanaphong Kitipong1,Pukasamsombut Danai1,Boonyagul Sani1,Pengpanich Sukanya12,Tawonsawatruk Tulyapruek3,Wilairatanarporn Danuphat1,Jantanasakulwong Kittisak4,Rachtanapun Pornchai4ORCID,Hemstapat Ruedee5ORCID,Wangtueai Sutee6ORCID,Tanadchangsaeng Nuttapol1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. College of Biomedical Engineering, Rangsit University, Lak-Hok 12000, Pathumthani, Thailand

2. National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Nueng 12120, Pathumthani, Thailand

3. Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand

4. Division of Packaging Technology, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Mae Hia, Muang, Chiang-Mai 50100, Thailand

5. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand

6. College of Maritime Studies and Management, Chiang Mai University, Tha Chin, Muang, Samut Sakhon 74000, Thailand

Abstract

Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) is an ideal bioink that is commonly used in bioprinting. GelMA is primarily acquired from mammalian sources; however, the required amount makes the market price extremely high. Since garbage overflow is currently a global issue, we hypothesized that fish scales left over from the seafood industry could be used to synthesize GelMA. Clinically, the utilization of fish products is more advantageous than those derived from mammals as they lower the possibility of disease transmission from mammals to humans and are permissible for practitioners of all major religions. In this study, we used gelatin extracted from fish scales and conventional GelMA synthesis methods to synthesize GelMA, then tested it at different concentrations in order to evaluated and compared the mechanical properties and cell responses. The fish scale GelMA had a printing accuracy of 97%, a swelling ratio of 482%, and a compressive strength of about 85 kPa at a 10% w/v GelMA concentration. Keratinocyte cells (HaCaT cells) were bioprinted with the GelMA bioink to assess cell viability and proliferation. After 72 h of culture, the number of cells increased by almost three-fold compared to 24 h, as indicated by many fluorescent cell nuclei. Based on this finding, it is possible to use fish scale GelMA bioink as a scaffold to support and enhance cell viability and proliferation. Therefore, we conclude that fish scale-based GelMA has the potential to be used as an alternative biomaterial for a wide range of biomedical applications.

Funder

Fundamental Fund 2023, Chiang Mai University

Mahidol University

Publisher

MDPI AG

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