Caring without Tolerance: Care Literacy as an Enabler of an Inclusive Society

Author:

Costantini Hiroko123ORCID,Nihei Misato4ORCID,Ono Takazumi4

Affiliation:

1. Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

2. Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan

3. Oxford Institute of Population Ageing, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 4BH, UK

4. Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

Abstract

Japanese society has been undergoing significant social changes in recent years, which has led to a greater variety of lived experiences in juxtaposition with pressures to conform from its group-oriented cultural context. Achieving inclusion in an increasingly heterogeneous society depends on how relatedness connects people, for example, in caring for others. The purpose of this study is to examine aspects of caring for others in Japanese society based on in-depth narrative interviews conducted in 2022 involving 18 informants. The fieldwork findings point to constraints on individual autonomy from relations stemming from care being intertwined with a broader relational context. Additionally, cultural conformity pressures lead to a propensity to assess social practices and, in turn, provide “excessive care”. Yet, such “excessive care”, as premised on cultural conformity, is at odds with increasingly heterogeneous choices. This leads to the emergence of intolerance, which supresses individuals’ autonomy and agency. Instead, to achieve an inclusive society, these findings point to the need for appropriate relations of understanding, tolerance and caring. This would be enabled by fostering “care literacy” across communities and stakeholders, thus supporting the transition towards a more inclusive society.

Funder

the Council for Science, Technology and Innovation

National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition

Publisher

MDPI AG

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4. “We Are All Carrying Someone Else’s Child!”: Relatedness and Relationships in Third-Party Reproduction;Berend;American Anthropologist,2016

5. Boyd, Danah (2014). It’s Complicated: The Social Lives of Networked Teens, Yale University Press.

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