Enhanced Dual-Channel Model-Based with Improved Unet++ Network for Landslide Monitoring and Region Extraction in Remote Sensing Images

Abstract

Landslide disasters pose significant threats to human life and property; therefore, accurate and effective detection and area extraction methods are crucial in environmental monitoring and disaster management. In our study, we address the critical tasks of landslide detection and area extraction in remote sensing images using advanced deep learning techniques. For landslide detection, we propose an enhanced dual-channel model that leverages EfficientNetB7 for feature extraction and incorporates spatial attention mechanisms (SAMs) to enhance important features. Additionally, we utilize a deep separable convolutional neural network with a Transformers module for feature extraction from digital elevation data (DEM). The extracted features are then fused using a variational autoencoder (VAE) to mine potential features and produce final classification results. Experimental results demonstrate impressive accuracy rates of 98.92% on the Bijie City landslide dataset and 94.70% on the Landslide4Sense dataset. For landslide area extraction, we enhance the traditional Unet++ architecture by incorporating Dilated Convolution to expand the receptive field and enable multi-scale feature extraction. We further integrate the Transformer and Convolutional Block Attention Module to enhance feature focus and introduce multi-task learning, including segmentation and edge detection tasks, to efficiently extract and refine landslide areas. Additionally, conditional random fields (CRFs) are applied for post-processing to refine segmentation boundaries. Comparative analysis demonstrates the superior performance of our proposed model over traditional segmentation models such as Unet, Fully Convolutional Network (FCN), and Segnet, as evidenced by improved metrics: IoU of 0.8631, Dice coefficient of 0.9265, overall accuracy (OA) of 91.53%, and Cohen’s kappa coefficient of 0.9185 on the Bijie City landslide dataset; and IoU of 0.8217, Dice coefficient of 0.9021, overall accuracy (OA) of 96.68%, and Cohen’s kappa coefficient of 0.8835 on the Landslide4Sense dataset. These findings highlight the effectiveness and robustness of our proposed methodologies in addressing critical challenges in landslide detection and area extraction tasks, with significant implications for enhancing disaster management and risk assessment efforts in remote sensing applications.