Mitral Valve Systolic Anterior Motion in Robotic Thoracic Surgery as the Cause of Unexplained Hemodynamic Shock: From a Case Report to Recommendations

Abstract

Robotic major lung resection for lung cancer carries a risk for intraoperative hemodynamic instability. Systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve is a rare and often misrecognized cause of intraoperative hemodynamic instability. If not promptly recognized, SAM leads to a complicated perioperative course. Here, we report for the first time a case of a patient with SAM with a severe degree of left ventricular outflow obstruction (LVOTO) undergoing robotic lung lobectomy and its challenging intraoperative management. A 70-year-old man undergoing robotic left upper lobectomy developed immediately after the induction of general anesthesia hemodynamic instability due to SAM-related LVOTO. The diagnosis was possible, thanks to the use of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The treatment strategies applied were preload optimization without fluid overload, ultra-short-acting beta-blockers, and vasopressors. Peripheral nerve blockades were preferred over epidural analgesia to avoid vasodilatation. The patient reported a good quality of recovery and no pain the day after surgery. The management of patients with higher risk of SAM and LVOTO development during robotic thoracic surgery requires a dedicated and skilled team together with high-impact treatment strategies driven by TEE. Since current guidelines do not recommend the use of TEE, even for patients with higher cardiac risk undergoing noncardiac surgery, the present case report may stimulate interest in future recommendations.