Machine Learning in Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Identifying (Dis)similarities between Polysensitized and Monosensitized Patients

Abstract

Background: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction occurring in sensitized individuals due to exposure to allergens. Polysensitization, defined as positive reactions to multiple unrelated haptens, increases the risk of ACD development and affects patients’ quality of life. The aim of this study is to apply machine learning in order to analyze the association between ACD, polysensitization, individual susceptibility, and patients’ characteristics. Methods: Patch test results and demographics from 400 ACD patients (Study protocol Nr. 3765/2022), categorized as polysensitized or monosensitized, were analyzed. Classic statistical analysis and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) were utilized to explore relationships among variables. Results: The findings revealed significant associations between patient characteristics and ACD patterns, with hand dermatitis showing the strongest correlation. MCA provided insights into the complex interplay of demographic and clinical factors influencing ACD prevalence. Conclusion: Overall, this study highlights the potential of machine learning in unveiling hidden patterns within dermatological data, paving the way for future advancements in the field.