A Fluid–Structure Interaction Analysis to Investigate the Influence of Magnetic Fields on Plaque Growth in Stenotic Bifurcated Arteries

Author:

Iqbal Kaleem1,Rossi di Schio Eugenia2ORCID,Anwar Muhammad Adnan1ORCID,Razzaq Mudassar3ORCID,Shahzad Hasan4ORCID,Valdiserri Paolo2ORCID,Fabbri Giampietro2,Biserni Cesare2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Mathematics (CEMAT), IST—Instituto Superior Técnico, University de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1649-004 Lisboa, Portugal

2. Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy

3. Department of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Bochum University of Applied Sciences, Am Hochschulcampus 1, 44801 Bochum, Germany

4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523000, China

Abstract

A finite element method is employed to examine the impact of a magnetic field on the development of plaque in an artery with stenotic bifurcation. Consistent with existing literature, blood flow is characterized as a Newtonian fluid that is stable, incompressible, biomagnetic, and laminar. Additionally, it is assumed that the arterial wall is linearly elastic throughout. The hemodynamic flow within a bifurcated artery, influenced by an asymmetric magnetic field, is described using the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) method. This technique incorporates the fluid–structure interaction coupling. The nonlinear system of partial differential equations is discretized using a stable P2P1 finite element pair. To solve the resulting nonlinear algebraic equation system, the Newton-Raphson method is employed. Magnetic fields are numerically modeled, and the resulting displacement, velocity magnitude, pressure, and wall shear stresses are analyzed across a range of Reynolds numbers (Re = 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000). The numerical analysis reveals that the presence of a magnetic field significantly impacts both the displacement magnitude and the flow velocity. In fact, introducing a magnetic field leads to reduced flow separation, an expanded recirculation area near the stenosis, as well as an increase in wall shear stress.

Funder

National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) of Italian Ministry of University and Research, “Ecosystem for Sustainable Transition in Emilia-Romagna”

Publisher

MDPI AG

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