Analysis and Evaluation of the Possibility of Electricity Production from Small Photovoltaic Installations in Poland

Abstract

The production of electricity from photovoltaic (PV) systems is one of the significant opportunities for novel renewable energy sources. The PV systems can provide energy with minimum environmental harm; however, the usage of this energy source becomes strongly dependent on a wide range of social, economic, and technical factors. Based on the growing demand for renewable energy sources, the aim of the work focuses on the socio-economic analysis of possibilities of producing electricity from photovoltaic installations up to 10 kW in Poland. Based on expert research, the factors influencing energy production from PV systems were assessed based on factor three analysis (level II with 5 factors, level III with 15 factors). Using the expert-mathematical method, a hierarchy of economic, technical, and social factors of PV-based energy production was evaluated. The analysis of socio-economic factors indicated that the greatest impact on the PV systems development in Poland depends on energy purchasing costs and EU law regulations on renewable energy sources (RESs). The most influential factors were then used to forecast the possible cost-effectiveness of renewable energy production of home energy production. The study demonstrates the importance of renewable energy sources utilization and the cost-effectiveness of solar energy production in small PV systems in Poland.