Assessing the Clinical Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Gamma Variant on Intensive Care Unit Admissions: Insights from a Reference Hospital in Northeastern Brazil

Abstract

The global challenge posed by the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic underscores the critical need for ongoing genomic surveillance to identify emerging variants and formulate effective public health strategies. This retrospective observational study, conducted in a reference hospital in Northeast Brazil and comprising 2116 cases, employed PCR genotyping together with epidemiological data to elucidate the impact of the Gamma variant during its emergence, revealing distinct patterns in hospitalization rates, severity of illness, and outcomes. The study emphasizes the challenges posed by the variant, particularly an increased tendency for ICU admissions and respiratory support, especially among adults aged 18 to 59 without comorbidities. Laboratory analyses further demonstrate elevated inflammatory, coagulation, and hepatic markers in the Gamma variant cohort, suggesting a more severe systemic response. Despite limitations, including a retrospective approach and single-institution data, the study underscores the importance of ongoing genomic surveillance. Overall, this research contributes valuable insights into the impact of the Gamma variant on COVID-19 dynamics, advocating for continued research and surveillance to inform effective public health strategies regarding evolving viral variants.