Association between Sleep Duration, Social Jetlag, and the Metabolic Syndrome by Shift Works

Author:

Kyung Minjung1ORCID,Park Sungwon2ORCID,Park Chang Gi3ORCID,Hong OiSaeng4

Affiliation:

1. School of Nursing, College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea

2. School of Nursing, University of Michigan, 400 North Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

3. College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 S. Damen Ave., MC 802, Chicago, IL 60612, USA

4. School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, 2 Koret Way, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA

Abstract

Lifestyle factors, including sleep characteristics, have been implicated in the development of metabolic syndrome, particularly among shift workers. This study aimed to explore the relationship between shift work, sleep duration, social jetlag, and the risk of metabolic syndrome among U.S. workers and the moderating effect of sleep duration and social jetlag on this relationship. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2017–2020 March were analyzed. Poisson regression models were employed to examine associations. Among 4136 U.S. workers, 53.3% had metabolic syndrome, with a higher proportion of shift workers (63.8% vs. 56.7%, p = 0.001) and those sleeping less than 6 h or more than 9 h per week (22.3% vs. 19.1%, p = 0.044) in the affected group. Shift workers were initially found to have an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (Coef. = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.16); however, this association was mitigated when accounting for the interaction with social jetlag. Specifically, 1 to <2 h of social jetlag interacted significantly, increasing metabolic risk (Coef. = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.22), whereas 1 to <2 h alone showed a protective effect (Coef. = −0.11, 95% CI: −0.17, −0.06). These findings suggest that optimizing sleep schedules and addressing social jetlag may be crucial in mitigating metabolic syndrome risks among shift workers.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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