CLOSE-Guided Pulmonary Vein Isolation to Treat Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: 1-Year Outcome

Abstract

Background: CLOSE-guided pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is based on contiguous and optimized (Ablation Index-guided) radiofrequency lesions. The efficacy of CLOSE-guided PVI in persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) treatment has been poorly evaluated. Methods: In two centers, 50 patients eligible for persistent AF ablation underwent CLOSE-guided PVI (Ablation Index ≥ 450 at the anterior wall, ≥300 at posterior wall, intertag distance ≤ 6 mm). If PVI failed to restore sinus rhythm (SR), electrical cardioversion (ECV) was performed. Atrial substrate modification (ASM) was performed only if PVI and ECV failed to restore SR. Recurrence was defined as any recorded episode of AF, atrial tachycardia (AT) or atrial flutter (AFL) > 30 s on Holter electrocardiographs at 3, 6 and 12 months. Results: From the 50 patients (64 ± 10 years, 14% long-standing persistent AF), SR was restored by ECV in 34 patients (68%) 56 ± 38 days prior to ablation. On the day of ablation, 42 patients (84%) were on class I-III anti-arrhythmic drug therapy (ADT) and the rhythm was AF in 23/50 patients. PVI was achieved in all patients; after PVI, ECV was required in 21 patients and ASM in 1 patient. The mean procedure time, radiofrequency time and fluoroscopy time were 141 ± 33 min, 23 ± 7 min and 7 ± 6 min, respectively. At 12 months, single-procedure freedom from AF/AT/AFL was 80%, with 19 patients (38%) receiving class I-III ADT. Conclusions: In a population of patients with persistent AF monitored with intermittent cardiac rhythm recordings, CLOSE-guided PVI resulted in high single-procedure arrhythmia-free survival at 1 year. Future large-scale studies involving continuous cardiac monitoring are necessary.