Validation of the Farsi Version of the Adult Concentration Inventory for Assessing Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome

Author:

Sadeghi-Bahmani Dena12ORCID,Parhoon Hadi3,Esmaeili Maryam4,Parhoon Kamal5,Sadeghi Bahmani Laleh6,Khazaie Habibolah7ORCID,Becker Stephen89ORCID,Burns G.10,Brand Serge1112131415ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

2. Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

3. Department of Psychology, Razi University, Kermanshah 6714414971, Iran

4. Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran

5. Department of Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran 1571914911, Iran

6. Department of Education and Psychology, Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani University, Isfahan 8179949999, Iran

7. Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah 6714415185, Iran

8. Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA

9. Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA

10. Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA

11. Center for Affective, Sleep and Stress Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland

12. Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland

13. Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah 6714415185, Iran

14. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 1441987566, Iran

15. Center for Disaster Psychiatry and Disaster Psychology, Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland

Abstract

The internal and external validity of cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) relative to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-inattention (ADHD-IN) was evaluated herein with Farsi-speaking adults. A total of 837 Iranian adults assessed throughout the whole country (54.72% women, Mage = 23.85; SD = 7.05; age range = 18 to 58 years; 75% between 18 and 24 years old; reporting higher educational training) completed self-report measures of CDS, ADHD-IN, ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI), depression, anxiety, and stress. Seven of the fifteen CDS symptoms showed a good convergent (high loadings on the CDS factor) and discriminant (higher loadings on the CDS factor than the ADHD-IN factor) validity. CDS also showed stronger first-order and unique associations with depression than ADHD-IN, whereas ADHD-IN showed stronger first-order and unique associations with ADHD-HI and anxiety than CDS. The first-order and unique associations of CDS and ADHD-IN did not differ in relation to stress. This study is the first to support the validity of the self-report of assessing CDS symptoms with the Adult Concentration Inventory with Farsi-speaking individuals residing in Iran, thus further strengthening the transcultural validity of the CDS, and paving the way for further transcultural research in the field of CDS among adults.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Medicine

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