Molecular Mechanisms of the Melatonin Receptor Pathway Linking Circadian Rhythm to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Author:

Xia An-Yu1,Zhu Hui2,Zhao Zhi-Jia3,Liu Hong-Yi3,Wang Peng-Hao3,Ji Lin-Dan45,Xu Jin35

Affiliation:

1. Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China

2. Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China

3. Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China

4. Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China

5. Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China

Abstract

Night-shift work and sleep disorders are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and circadian rhythm disruption is intrinsically involved. Studies have identified several signaling pathways that separately link two melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) to insulin secretion and T2DM occurrence, but a comprehensive explanation of the molecular mechanism to elucidate the association between these receptors to T2DM, reasonably and precisely, has been lacking. This review thoroughly explicates the signaling system, which consists of four important pathways, linking melatonin receptors MT1 or MT2 to insulin secretion. Then, the association of the circadian rhythm with MTNR1B transcription is extensively expounded. Finally, a concrete molecular and evolutionary mechanism underlying the macroscopic association between the circadian rhythm and T2DM is established. This review provides new insights into the pathology, treatment, and prevention of T2DM.

Funder

the Zhejiang Public Welfare Technology Application Research Program

the Zhejiang Medical and Health Science and Technology Program

the Ningbo Nonprofit Science and Technology Project

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Food Science,Nutrition and Dietetics

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