The Presence of Treponema spp. in Equine Hoof Canker Biopsies and Skin Samples from Bovine Digital Dermatitis Lesions

Abstract

Equine hoof canker and bovine digital dermatitis are infectious inflammatory diseases of the hooves with an unknown etiology. However, anaerobic spirochetes of the genus Treponema are considered to be potential etiological agents. The aim of this study was to find a suitable way to isolate DNA and to detect the presence of treponemal DNA in samples of equine hoof canker and bovine digital dermatitis. DNAzol®® Direct and column kits were used to isolate DNA from samples of equine hoof canker and bovine digital dermatitis. The presence of Treponema spp. was detected using PCR and Sanger sequencing. DNAzol®® Direct is suitable for isolating DNA from these types of samples. Treponemal DNA was detected in equine hoof samples as well as in bovine digital dermatitis skin samples. In equine hoof biopsies, the most frequently detected was Treponema pedis (8/13). Treponema brennaborense (2/13) and Treponema denticola (2/13) were also found. In the case of bovine digital dermatitis, Treponema medium ssp. bovis was confirmed in 14 of 36 skin samples. Treponema pedis (9/36), Treponema vincentii (1/36), Treponema phagedenis (1/36), and Treponema brennaborense (1/36) were detected as well. DNAzol®® Direct was more appropriate for isolation of treponemal DNA because the columns isolation method was more equipment and time-consuming. The presence of several Treponema spp. was determined in the samples. In horses, the most commonly detected species was a T. pedis, while in cattle it was T. medium ssp. bovis.