Metagenome and Resistome Analysis of Beta-Lactam-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from River Waters in Surabaya, Indonesia

Author:

Nomoto Ryohei1ORCID,Osawa Kayo2ORCID,Kinoshita Shohiro3,Kitagawa Koichi3,Nakanishi Noriko1ORCID,Sarassari Rosantia4,Raharjo Dadik5,Fujisawa Masato6,Kuntaman Kuntaman45ORCID,Shirakawa Toshiro36

Affiliation:

1. Department of Infectious Diseases, Kobe Institute of Health, Kobe 650-0046, Japan

2. Department of Medical Technology, Kobe Tokiwa University, Kobe 653-0838, Japan

3. Division of Advanced Medical Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe 650-0017, Japan

4. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia

5. Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia

6. Division of Urology, Department of Organ Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan

Abstract

Antimicrobial agents are administered to humans and livestock, and bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobial agents are released into the environment. In this study, to investigate the trend of AMR in humans, livestock, and the environment, we performed a metagenomic analysis of multidrug-resistant bacteria with CHROMagar ESBL in environmental river water samples, which were collected using syringe filter units from waters near hospitals, downtown areas, residential areas, and water treatment plants in Surabaya, Indonesia. Our results showed that Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Enterobacter, Escherichia, and Klebsiella grew in CHROMagar ESBL; they were most frequently detected in water samples from rivers surrounding hospitals contaminated with various AMR genes (ARGs) in high levels. These results identified bacteria as ARG reservoirs and revealed that hospitals could be sources for various ARGs disseminated into the environment. In conclusion, this study details a novel metagenomic analysis of collected bacteria in environmental water samples using a syringe filter unit for an AMR epidemiological study based on the One Health approach.

Funder

Tahir Professorship of Airlangga University

Japan Initiative for the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI

Publisher

MDPI AG

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