Soil Fertilization with Palm Oil Mill Effluent Has a Short-Term Effect on the Bacterial Diversity of an Amazonian Agricultural Land Area

Author:

Sanches Johnes Pinto1,Costa Sávio Souza1,das Graças Diego Assis1ORCID,Silva Artur1,Baião Guilherme Costa2ORCID,Moreira Rennan G.3,Magalhães Marcelo Murad4,Cunha Roberto Lisboa4,Baraúna Rafael Azevedo1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Biological Engineering Laboratory, Innovation Space, Guamá Science and Technology Park, Belém 66075-750, Brazil

2. Laboratory of Molecular and Computational Biology of Fungi, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30120-140, Brazil

3. Multiuser Laboratories Center, Center of Genomics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil

4. Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Eastern Amazon, Belém 66095-100, Brazil

Abstract

Palm oil derived from the fruits of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. has global economic importance and is largely produced in tropical regions. The palm oil production process leads to a highly polluting waste called palm oil mill effluent (POME). A strategy commonly used by producers to overcome environmental issues and to improve soil fertility is the reuse of POME as a fertilizer due to the chemical and biological characteristics of the effluent. In this research, three groups were analyzed: soil without POME application (control group) and soil samples after 4 and 9 days of POME application. An environmental DNA metabarcoding approach was used. eDNA was extracted, and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced in the Illumina MiSeq platform. The abundance of Proteobacteria (48.1%) and Firmicutes (9.0%) was higher in fertilized soil, while Bacteroidetes (20.3%) and Verrucomicrobia (7.8%) were more abundant in control soil. Additionally, the effluent seemed to modify soil characteristics favoring taxa responsible for the mineralization of organic compounds and nitrogen fixation such as species of Gammaproteobacteria class. Our study highlights the influence of POME on soil biological components and contributes to the sustainable production of palm oil in the Amazon.

Funder

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação (PROPESP) from Universidade Federal do Pará

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference47 articles.

1. Murphy, D.J., Goggin, K., and Paterson, R.R.M. (2021). Oil Palm in the 2020s and beyond: Challenges and Solutions. CABI Agric. Biosci., 2.

2. Indigenous Traditional Knowledge on Health and Equitable Benefits of Oil Palm (Elaeis spp.);Reddy;OALib,2019

3. Choudhary, M., and Grover, K. (2019). Fruit Oils: Chemistry and Functionality, Springer.

4. United State Department of Agriculture USDA (2023, September 01). Production, Supply and Distribution, Available online: https://www.usda.gov/.

5. IBGE—Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (2023, September 07). Produção Agrícola—Lavoura Permanente|Abacate|2020, Available online: https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/al/pesquisa/15/11967?tipo=ranking&ano=2018.

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