First Report of Anopheles annularis s.l., An. maculatus s.s., and An. culicifacies s.l. as Malaria Vectors and a New Occurrence Record for An. pseudowillmori and An. sawadwongporni in Alipurduar District Villages, West Bengal, India
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Published:2024-01-03
Issue:1
Volume:12
Page:95
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ISSN:2076-2607
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Container-title:Microorganisms
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Microorganisms
Author:
Rajkonwar Jadab1, Shende Varun1, Maji Ananta Kumar2, Pandey Apoorva3ORCID, Sharma Puran K.4, Gunasekaran Kasinathan5, Subbarao Sarala K.6ORCID, Bhattacharyya Dibya Ranjan1, Raghavendra Kamaraju6, Pebam Rocky7, Mayakrishnan Vijay1, Gogoi Phiroz1, Senapati Susmita1ORCID, Sarkar Pallabi1ORCID, Biswas Saurav1, Debbarma Daniel7, Nirmolia Tulika8ORCID, Jena Sasmita Rani9ORCID, Bayan Bahniman1, Talukder Pinki1, Sihag Ashwarya Kumari1ORCID, Bharali Himadri Sankar1, Verma Anisha1, Mahanta Kongkon1ORCID, Sumer Gonsalo1, Karmakar Ranjan1, Patgiri Saurav Jyoti1ORCID, Chaudhuri Supriya2, Ganguli Sumit2, Kaur Harpreet3, Bhattacharyya Tapas K.9, Joshi Pyare Laal10, Goswami Bidhan11, Baruah Kalpana10ORCID, Pati Sanghamitra1, Narain Kanwar1, Bhowmick Ipsita Pal1ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Regional Medical Research Centre, Northeast Region (RMRC-NE)-ICMR, Dibrugarh 786001, India 2. District Health & Family Welfare Samiti, Alipurduar 736121, India 3. Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Ramalingaswami Bhavan, New Delhi 110029, India 4. Department of Health & Family Welfare, Govt of West Bengal, Alipurduar 736121, India 5. ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605006, India 6. ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi 110077, India 7. NorthEast Space Application Centre (NESAC), Department of Space, Government of India, Umiam 793103, India 8. National Health Mission, Bishwanath Charali 784176, India 9. Regional Office of Health and Family Welfare, Kolkata 700106, India 10. Directorate of National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Delhi 110054, India 11. Agartala Govt Medical College, Agartala 799006, India
Abstract
A comprehensive entomological survey was undertaken in Alipurduar District, West Bengal, from 2018 to 2020 and in 2022. This study was prompted by reported malaria cases and conducted across nine villages, seven Sub-Centres, and three Primary Health Centres (PHCs). Mosquitoes were hand-collected with aspirators and flashlights from human dwellings and cattle sheds during the daytime. Both morphological and molecular techniques were used for species identification. Additionally, mosquitoes were tested for Plasmodium parasites and human blood presence. Mosquito species such as An. barbirostris s.l., An. hyrcanus s.l., An. splendidus, and An. vagus were morphologically identified. For species like An. annularis s.l., An. minimus s.s., An. culicifacies s.l., and An. maculatus s.s., a combination of morphological and molecular techniques was essential. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase gene subunit 1 (CO1) was sequenced for An. annularis s.l., An. maculatus s.s., An. culicifacies s.l., An. vagus, and some damaged samples, revealing the presence of An. pseudowillmori and An. fluviatilis. The major Anopheles species were An. annularis s.l., An. culicifacies s.l., and An. maculatus s.s., especially in Kumargram and Turturi PHCs. Plasmodium positivity was notably high in An. annularis s.l. and An. maculatus s.s. with significant human blood meal positivity across most species. Morphological, molecular, and phylogenetic analyses are crucial, especially for archived samples, to accurately identify the mosquito fauna of a region. Notably, this study confirms the first occurrence of An. pseudowillmori and An. sawadwongporni in West Bengal and implicates An. maculatus s.s., An. culicifacies s.l., and An. annularis s.l. as significant vectors in the Alipurduar region.
Funder
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) extramural
Subject
Virology,Microbiology (medical),Microbiology
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