The Pathogenic Mechanism of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in Litopenaeus vannamei

Author:

Ma Rongrong12,Zhu Bo1,Xiong Jinbo1,Chen Jiong12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China

2. School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China

Abstract

Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is a parasite in shrimp farming. EHP mainly parasitizes the hepatopancreas of shrimp, causing slow growth, which severely restricts the economic income of shrimp farmers. To explore the pathogenic mechanism of EHP, the host subcellular construction, molecular biological characteristics, and mitochondrial condition of Litopenaeus vannamei were identified using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), real-time qPCR, an enzyme assay, and flow cytometry. The results showed that EHP spores, approximately 1 μm in size, were located on the cytoplasm of the hepatopancreas. The number of mitochondria increased significantly, and mitochondria morphology showed a condensed state in the high-concentration EHP-infected shrimp by TEM observation. In addition, there were some changes in mitochondrial potential, but apoptosis was not significantly different in the infected shrimp. The qPCR results showed that the gene expression levels of hexokinase and pyruvate kinase related to energy metabolism were both upregulated in the diseased L. vannamei. Enzymatic activity showed hexokinase and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly increased in the shrimp infected with EHP, indicating EHP infection can increase the glycolysis process and decrease the oxidative phosphorylation process of L. vannamei. Previous transcriptomic data analysis results also support this conclusion.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Key Scientific and Technological Grant of Zhejiang for Breeding New Agricultural Varieties

Key Project of Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau

Publisher

MDPI AG

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