The Contributions of Sub-Communities to the Assembly Process and Ecological Mechanisms of Bacterial Communities along the Cotton Soil–Root Continuum Niche Gradient

Abstract

Soil microbes are crucial in shaping the root-associated microbial communities. In this study, we analyzed the effect of the soil–root niche gradient on the diversity, composition, and assembly of the bacterial community and co-occurrence network of two cotton varieties. The results revealed that the bacterial communities in cotton soil–root compartment niches exhibited a skewed species abundance distribution, dominated by abundant taxa showing a strong spatial specificity. The assembly processes of the rhizosphere bacterial communities were mainly driven by stochastic processes, dominated by the enrichment pattern and supplemented by the depletion pattern to recruit bacteria from the bulk soil, resulting in a more stable bacterial community. The assembly processes of the endosphere bacterial communities were determined by processes dominated by the depletion pattern and supplemented by the enrichment pattern to recruit species from the rhizosphere, resulting in a decrease in the stability and complexity of the community co-occurrence network. The compartment niche shaped the diversity of the bacterial communities, and the cotton variety genotype was an important source of diversity in bacterial communities within the compartment niche. We suggest that the moderate taxa contribute to significantly more changes in the diversity of the bacterial community than the rare and abundant taxa during the succession of bacterial communities in the cotton root–soil continuum.