Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum is a bacterial phytopathogen affecting staple crops, originally from tropical and subtropical areas, whose ability to survive in temperate environments is of concern under global warming. In this study, two R. solanacearum strains from either cold or warm habitats were stressed by simultaneous exposure to natural oligotrophy at low (4 °C), temperate (14 °C), or warm (24 °C) temperatures in environmental water. At 4 °C, the effect of temperature was higher than that of oligotrophy, since R. solanacearum went into a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, which proved to be dependent on water nutrient contents. Resuscitation was demonstrated in vitro and in planta. At 14 °C and 24 °C, the effect of oligotrophy was higher than that of temperature on R. solanacearum populations, displaying starvation-survival responses and morphological changes which were stronger at 24 °C. In tomato plants, starved, cold-induced VBNC, and/or resuscitated cells maintained virulence. The strains behaved similarly regardless of their cold or warm areas of origin. This work firstly describes the natural nutrient availability of environmental water favoring R. solanacearum survival, adaptations, and resuscitation in conditions that can be found in natural settings. These findings will contribute to anticipate the ability of R. solanacearum to spread, establish, and induce disease in new geographical and climatic areas.
Subject
Virology,Microbiology (medical),Microbiology
Reference67 articles.
1. Allen, C., Prior, P., and Hayward, A.C. (2005). Bacterial wilt Disease and the Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex, APS Press.
2. Polyphasic taxonomic revision of the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex: Proposal to emend the descriptions of Ralstonia solanacearum and Ralstonia syzygii and reclassify current R. syzygii strains as Ralstonia syzygii subsp. syzygii subsp. nov., R. solanacearum phylotype IV strains as Ralstonia syzygii subsp. indonesiensis subsp. nov., banana blood disease bacterium strains as Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis subsp. nov. and R. solanacearum phylotype I and III strains as Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum sp. nov;Safni;Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.,2014
3. Prior, P., Ailloud, F., Dalsing, B.L., Remenant, B., Sanchez, B., and Allen, C. (2016). Genomic and proteomic evidence supporting the division of the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum into three species. BMC Genom., 17.
4. Allen, C., Prior, P., and Hayward, A.C. (2005). Bacterial wilt Disease and the Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex, APS Press.
5. Behaviour of Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 during latent and active infection of geranium;Swanson;Phytopathology,2005
Cited by
3 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献