Characterization of Latex-Clearing Protein and Aldehyde Dehydrogenases Involved in the Utilization of poly(cis-1,4-isoprene) by Nocardia farcinica NBRC 15532

Abstract

Microbial degradation of natural rubber and synthetic poly(cis-1,4-isoprene) is expected to become an alternative treatment system for waste from poly(cis-1,4-isoprene) products including scrap tires. Nocardia farcinica NBRC 15,532, a gram-positive rubber-degrading bacterium, can utilize poly(cis-1,4-isoprene) as the sole source of carbon and energy to produce oligo-isoprene metabolites containing aldehyde and keto end groups. A homology-based search of the genome revealed a gene encoding a latex-clearing protein (Lcp). Gene disruption analysis indicated that this gene is essential for the utilization of poly(cis-1,4-isoprene) in this strain. Further analysis of the genome sequence identified aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) genes as potential candidates for oxidative degradation of oligo-isoprene aldehydes. Based on the enzymatic activity of the ALDH candidates, NF2_RS14000 and NF2_RS14385 may be involved in the degradation of oligo-isoprene aldehydes. Analysis of the reaction products revealed that these ALDHs oxidized tri- to penta-isoprene aldehydes, which were generated by the reaction of Lcp. Based on the inability of ALDH gene deletion mutants, we concluded that NF2_RS14000 is mainly involved in the utilization of poly(cis-1,4-isoprene) and the oxidative degradation of oligo-isoprene aldehydes in Nocardia farcinica NBRC 15,532.